Cyprus Peace Operation

CYPRUS PEACE OPERATION REFLECTIONS IN TÜRKİYE

The Cyprus Operation (TAF codename: "Operation Atilla", "Cyprus Peace Operation", "Turkish Cyprus Invasion" in Turkey and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus) was launched on 20 July 1974 by the order of Prime Minister Bülent Ecevit. A military operation by the Turkish Armed Forces has been launched in Cyprus. The first leg of the operation was organized with the support of the Greek Government after the coup of July 15, 1974. The second operation, launched on August 14, resulted in 37 percent of the island, including North Nicosia, coming under Turkish control. 140 thousand to 200 thousand Greeks from the north of the island; Between 42 thousand and 65 thousand Turkish immigrants came from the south of the island.

Republic of Türkiye; He argues that the operation was organized in accordance with Article 4 of the Treaty of Zurich and London. However, the United Nations and the Council of Europe consider this operation as an invasion.

The United Nations Security Council, in its resolution 353 dated 20 July 1974, stated: "The United Nations is seriously concerned about the creation of an environment that poses serious dangers to international security and peace and will lead to extraordinary anger in the region. All states must respect the territorial integrity of the Republic of Cyprus." " "It is necessary. Foreign military intervention must be stopped immediately." He stated that he was against the operation and called for a ceasefire. The United Nations Security Council described the situation as "occupation" in its resolution 550 dated 11 May 1984.

In its decision numbered 573 dated July 29, 1974, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe stated that the first operation was carried out within the framework of international agreements. It is possible that the first operation can be considered as a legal intervention within the framework of agreements, but the second operation, which provides control in a certain region, is not evaluated in this context. Most resolutions of international organizations define the situation as "illegal occupation".

Cyprus Peace Operation REFLECTIONS IN EUROPE

On 25 June 1950, Communist troops from North Korea crossed the 38th parallel, which since 1945 had been the military demarcation line between the North of the country (under Soviet influence) and the South (under US influence). The confrontations along the border and the invasion of the South of the peninsula would mark the beginning of the Korean War. The United States, determined to support the authorities in the South, were able to take advantage of a moment when the Soviet delegate was temporarily absent from a United Nations Security Council meeting to commit the United Nations (UN) to defending South Korea. They called on the UN to apply the principle of collective security and to vote for sanctions against North Korea. In June 1950, US air and naval forces landed on the peninsula. Sixteen countries, including Great Britain, the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg, were involved in the creation of an international force under US command. North Korea, on the other hand, enjoyed the diplomatic support of the Soviet Union and military aid from Communist China.

Although his forces had been able to drive the North Korean troops back to the Chinese border, the US General McArthur was, from the beginning of 1951, confronted by a massive counter-attack led by Chinese reinforcements. He therefore put to the US President, Harry Truman, a proposal to bomb Communist China, resorting to atomic weapons if need be. The situation became truly dramatic — a new world conflict seemed imminent. But Truman refused to use the atomic bomb, and the war continued, despite constant diplomatic efforts to broker a ceasefire. An armistice was finally signed in July 1953 in the climate of international détente brought about by the death of Stalin four months earlier. However, as the United States continued to offer substantial economic aid to South Korea, whilst the Soviet Union supported North Korea, the reunification of the country would clearly be impossible for some time to come.

There is little doubt that the Cold War reached its apogee during this conflict. Indeed, it led to an obsessive fear of Communism in the United States and also had an effect on Western Europe, which felt increasingly weak compared with the two great powers on the international stage.