II. Concerned about the occupations of Czechoslovakia and Albania before World War II, the Turkish government published a joint declaration with England and France in 1939. An alliance was established between these two states and Turkey in Ankara on October 19, 1939. Accordingly, in the event of a war in the Mediterranean, the three states would cooperate. Among the articles, military and material aid were also mentioned. However, during the war, Türkiye did not actually participate in the war, citing the Soviet Russian element. On March 25, 1941, a declaration announcing the state of non-aggression between Turkey and Soviet Russia was published. In the same year, while the non-aggression pact between Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia was in force, the Balkan Campaign began. Despite the Allies putting pressure on the possibility of invasion, Turkey did not enter the conflict and diplomatic relations were developed through the German ambassador Von Papen; The Turkish-German Friendship Pact was signed on 18 June 1941 At the same time, the sale of 90,000 tons of chrome ore to Germany began, in return for which Turkey's need for weapons and vehicles would be met by Germany. Four days after the signed agreement, Operation Barbarossa began; On 12 July 1941, the British-Soviet Russian joint action agreement was signed. Following this operation, German Foreign Minister Ribbentrop, through the ambassador, began to put pressure on the transfer of German forces to the Caucasus and Iraq via Turkey, and it was promised that if this request was fulfilled, some lands in the Balkans and an island in the Aegean would be handed over to Turkey.Despite the pressure from both sides, Turkey did not enter the war. During this time, Germany lost the Battle of Stalingrad and Turkey's balance policy continued. Despite the non-aggression pacts signed with the two sides, Türkiye was acting cautiously; Because the neighboring country Iran was attacked by a joint Soviet-British attack in August 1941, despite the non-aggression pact, and Germany attacked Soviet Russia less than 2 years after the non-aggression pact was signed. On January 14, 1943, the Casablanca Conference was held with the participation of the Allied heads of state, and Turkey was at the conference. It was decided to strengthen and enter the war. The aim was to hit the oil wells in Romania, a satellite state of Nazi Germany. After the conference, the USA's choice to establish diplomatic and material contacts through England was met with reaction in Turkey. Churchill, who was considering opening a new front in the Balkans, came to Adana on January 30, 1943 to ensure that Turkey would support the Allies on this front. In the Yenice talks held in a train car at the Yenice station, 23 kilometers outside Adana, Churchill's demands were rejected on the grounds of distrust of the Soviets and the lack of equipment of the Turkish army.
In order not to weaken relations with Germany, which continues to exist in the region, it was clearly stated through the press that Turkey would not resort to changes in foreign policy. Although the pressures of the Allies continued after 1943, Turkey's balance policy continued for a while, and the superiority of the Allies in the war affected Turkish-German relations. The chrome shipment to Germany was stopped on April 20, 1944. The Allies stated that they would impose an embargo if the shipment was not stopped. Germany's reaction to this was to send a note through its ambassador. In August 1944, the Kingdom of Bulgaria withdrew from the war and the Soviet army entered the country; In parallel with these developments, Turkey announced that it had cut off all relations with Germany and Japan.

II. During World War II, various policy changes were made due to Turkey's tendency not to enter the war, and the socioeconomic effects of the war were seen within the country. Despite the wishes of the Axis and Allied powers, Turkey contented itself with an official declaration of war on February 23, 1945, without actually participating in the war. There was poverty and expense due to aid to Greece during the war, care of refugees taking shelter in Turkey, keeping the army under arms, and serious damage to foreign trade. This led to practices such as Wealth Tax and rationing of bread. Due to the impact of the war, from 1938 to 1945 imports approximately 1,000,000 tons; exports decreased by 1,800,000 tons. Despite the population increase in the country, the decrease in agricultural production by 3,000,000 tons from 1938 to 1945 led to more economic measures; Agricultural, animal and forestry products from citizens were partially confiscated. In his speech on November 11, 1942, Şükrü Saraçoğlu, the prime minister of the period, stated that the reason was to secure the army and the country. In parallel with the poverty in the country, black marketeering activities increased; The government's reaction was to impose severe punishments, up to and including death penalty. Epidemic diseases were observed due to malnutrition.
During this period, ideological adoptions were seen in the Turkish press according to the course of the war. For example, in 1942, when Saraçoğlu asked for support from the press regarding the wealth tax, newspapers and magazines published news accusing non-Muslims of theft and fraud; Cartoons were drawn. During the days when the wealth tax was on the agenda, then-President İsmet İnönü said, "Of course, there is a way to eliminate the obvious damage to the homeland of these people, which do not exceed three or five hundred. We should not grant anyone or any group the right to rob the nation by using the freedom of trade and economic activities as an excuse." said. During the same period, newspapers were also closed; In 1942, five different newspapers were closed for periods ranging from 1 to 60 days. In 1945, Soviet Russia's unilateral termination of the Turkish-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact became a hot topic on the country's agenda, and Tan newspaper, which advocated friendship with Soviet Russia, drew a reaction; As a result, Tan newspaper, along with several bookstores, was raided by university students on December 4, 1945